Abstract This study evaluated the bioactive potential of a macro-porous chitosan scaffold incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH-Ca) and functionalized with bioactive doses of simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue regeneration. Initially, the bioactive dose of SV in osteoblastic cells (SAOS-2) was determined. For the direct contact experiment, SAOS-2 cells were plated on scaffolds to assess cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. The second assay was performed at a distance using extracts from scaffolds incubated in culture medium to assess the effect of conditioned medium on viability and osteogenic differentiation. The initial screening showed that 1 μM SV presented the best biostimulating effects, and this dose was selected for incorporation into the CH-Ca and pure chitosan (CH) scaffolds. The cells remained viable throughout the direct contact experiment, with the greatest cell density in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV scaffolds because of their higher porosity. The CH-Ca-SV scaffold showed the most intense bio-stimulating effect in assays in the presence and absence of osteogenic medium, leading to an increased deposition of mineralized matrix. There was an increase in the viability of cells exposed to the extracts for CH-Ca, CH-SV, and CH-Ca-SV during the one-day period. There was an increase in ALP activity in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV; however, the CH-Ca-SV scaffold resulted in an intense increase in the deposition of mineralized nodules, approximately 56.4% at 7 days and 117% at 14 days, compared with CH (control). In conclusion, functionalization of the CH-Ca scaffold with SV promoted an increase in bioactivity, presenting a promising option for bone tissue regeneration.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Vasoplegia, or vasoplegic shock, is a syndrome whose main characteristic is reducing blood pressure in the presence of a standard or high cardiac output. For the treatment, vasopressors are recommended, and the most used is norepinephrine. However, new drugs have been evaluated, and conflicting results exist in the literature. Methods: This is a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis, written according to the recommendations of the PRISMA report. The SCOPUS, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were used to select the scientific articles included in the study. Searches were conducted in December 2022 using the terms “vasopressin,” “norepinephrine,” “vasoplegic shock,” “postoperative,” and “surgery.” Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. The endpoint associated with the study was efficiency in treating vasoplegic shock and reduced risk of death. Results: In total, 2,090 articles were retrieved; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies were selected to compose the present review. We found no significant difference when assessing the outcome mortality comparing vasopressin versus norepinephrine (odds ratio = 1.60; confidence interval 0.47–5.50), nor when comparing studies on vasopressin versus placebo. When we analyzed the length of hospital stay compared to the use of vasopressin and norepinephrine, we identified a shorter length of hospital stay in cases that used vasopressin; however, the meta-analysis did not demonstrate statistical significance. Conclusions: Considering the outcomes included in our study, it is worth noting that most studies showed that using vasopressin was safe and can be considered in managing postoperative vasoplegic shock.

Resumo Fundamento Apesar de avanços em técnicas cirúrgicas e cuidados pós-operatórios em cardiopatia congênita, a morbidade cardiovascular permanece elevada. Objetivo Avaliar a associação do condicionamento pré-operatório de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatias, mensurado por teste de caminhada de 6-minutos (TC6M) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), com a ocorrência de choque cardiogênico, séptico e morte no período pós-operatório. Métodos Estudo clínico prospectivo e observacional de 81 pacientes de 8 a 18 anos. No período pré-operatório foram realizados o TC6M (distância caminhada e SpO2) e a VFC. O escore de risco ajustado para cirurgia de cardiopatia congênita ( RACHS-1 ) foi aplicado para predizer o fator de risco cirúrgico para mortalidade. A ocorrência de pelo menos uma das complicações citadas foi considerada como evento combinado. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significantes. Resultados Dos 81 pacientes, 59% eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 12 anos; 33% eram cianóticos; e 72% já tinham realizado cirurgias prévias. O choque cardiogênico foi a complicação mais comum, e 31% apresentaram evento combinado. Cirurgia prévia, tipo de cardiopatia atual, RACHS-1 , SpO2 em repouso, durante e após recuperação do TC6M foram selecionados para o estudo multivariado. A SpO2 após o TC6M permaneceu como fator de risco independente para aumentar a ocorrência de evento combinado no pós-operatório (OR: 0,93, IC95% [0,88 – 0,99], p=0,02). Conclusão O SpO2 após o TC6M no período pré-operatório foi o fator independente preditor de prognóstico no pós-operatório em crianças e adolescentes submetidos à correção cirúrgica; a distância caminhada e as variáveis da VFC não tiveram a mesma associação.

Abstract Background Despite advances in surgical technique and postoperative care in congenital heart disease, cardiovascular morbidity is still high. Objective To evaluate the association between preoperative cardiovascular fitness of children and adolescents, measured by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and the occurrence of cardiogenic, septic shock and death in the postoperative period. Methods Prospective, observational clinic study including 81 patients aged from 8 to 18 years. In the preoperative period, the 6MWT (distance walked and SpO2) and HRV were performed. The adjusted risk score for surgeries for congenital heart disease (RACHS-1) was applied to predict the surgical risk factor for mortality. The occurrence of at least one of the listed complications was considered as a combined event. P values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results Of the patients, 59% were male, with mean age of 12 years; 33% were cyanotic; and 72% had undergone previous cardiac surgery. Cardiogenic shock was the most common complication, and 31% had a combined event. Prior to surgery, type of current heart disease, RACHS-1, SpO2at rest, during the 6MWT and recovery were selected for the multivariate analysis. The SpO2at recovery by the 6MWT remained as an independent risk factor (OR 0.93, 95%CI [0.88 - 0.99], p=0.02) for the increasing occurrence of combined events. Conclusion SpO2after the application of the 6MWT in the preoperative period was an independent predictor of prognosis in children and adolescents undergoing surgical correction; the walked distance and the HRV did not present this association.

Abstract Background: Elderly patients may present with visual function impairment after surgery, which may increase the incidence of postoperative delirium and falls and decrease their quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess visual function in elderly patients after long-duration nonocular surgery to determine the incidence and risk factors for visual function impairment after surgery. Methods: This prospective and observational study included patients aged between 60 and 80 years who had been scheduled for elective non-ocular surgery expected to last longer than 120 minutes under general anaesthesia. Ocular examinations were performed before surgery, on post-operative day 3 and on post-operative day 21 and consisted of a LogMAR-Snellen chart test, a Jager chart test, biomicroscopy, optical tonometry, ocular motility assessment and fundoscopy. Baseline characteristics of all patients as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Results: A total of 107 patients were included in the final analysis. Visual function impairment was diagnosed in 21 patients (19.6%) at POD 3. Of those, 7 patients (6.5%) still presented with visual changes at POD 21. On POD 3, compared with that at baseline, visual acuity assessed by the Snellen chart test had decreased in these patients. Significant differences regarding refraction tests and intraocular pressure measures were also found. Multivariable analysis identified diabetes mellitus, duration of surgery, hypotension during anaesthesia induction, lower peripheral oxygen saturation at the end of the procedure and body mass index as independent risk factors for postoperative visual impairment. Conclusion: In elderly patients undergoing long-duration non-ocular procedures under general anaesthesia, the incidence of visual function impairment was considerably high. Most patients recovered to baseline visual function, but clinically significant visual changes may still be present 3 weeks after surgery. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and the duration of surgical and anaesthetic techniques appear to increase the risk of visual impairment after surgery.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma etnografia de práticas das ciências humanas. Em uma experiência de autoantropologia, o autor busca seguir a trajetória de construção dos dados estatísticos da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PED-RMPA). Para tanto, utiliza-se de participação observante (pois, além de etnógrafo, é um dos etnografados), registrada em diário de campo, entrevistas com colegas e consulta a documentos que norteiam a pesquisa, especialmente manuais. Esses materiais sugerem que um dado estatístico é um coletivo, capaz de carregar todo um universo. Busca-se, então, refletir sobre a capacidade de agência das coisas que compõem esse universo. E, por fim, sobre a viabilidade de uma experiência de autoantropologia.

Abstract This paper shows an ethnography of human sciences practices. In an autoanthropology experience, the author aims to follow the trajectory of construction of statistical data in the case of Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PED-RMPA). Therefore, the used methodology comprehends the observant participation (because the researcher is both ethnographer and member of the researched group), whose notes were registered in a field diary, interviews with workmates and analyses of PED’s documents, especially the manuals. These materials suggest statistical data is a collective that can carry a universe. This paper also reflects on the ability of agency of things that make up this universe. And about the viability of an autoanthropology experience.

RESUMO O gesso é utilizado na agricultura para o fornecimento de nutrientes ao sistema solo-planta, aumento da profundidade do sistema radicular das culturas e, também, para mitigar os efeitos do estresse hídrico nas plantas. No entanto, seu uso indiscriminado pode levar à redução do conteúdo de nutrientes catiônicos da superfície do solo, principalmente o potássio. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de gesso, associado à aplicação de potássio, no cultivo de couve-flor, cultivar Sharon. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 5×5, sendo avaliadas cinco doses de K (0, 100, 180, 240 e 360 kg ha−1 de K2O) e cinco doses de gesso (0, 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000 kg ha−1) no delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram determinados os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn e a massa comercial da cabeça, o diâmetro da cabeça, o diâmetro do pedúnculo e a altura da cabeça. A aplicação de 360 kg ha−1 de K2O resultou no aumento de 29,69% no teor foliar de K e 18,94% na massa comercial da cabeça, em relação à dose de 0 kg ha−1 de K2O. A aplicação da dose máxima de gesso, resultou na redução dos teores foliares de enxofre (14,71%) e manganês (25,11%) e, aumento dos teores foliares de cobre (16,97%). Com base nos resultados observados, conclui-se que para a cultura da couve-flor, as doses de gesso e K2O recomendadas são de, respectivamente, 4.000 e 360 kg ha−1.

ABSTRACT Gypsum is widely used in agriculture to supply nutrients to the soil-plant system. However, the excessive use of gypsum may lead to a reduction of cationic soil nutrients such as potassium in the most superficial soil layer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using gypsum and potassium for cauliflower crop nutritional status and commercial production. The experiment was conducted in 5×5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five K doses (0, 100, 180, 240, 360 kg ha−1 of K2O) and five gypsum doses (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 kg ha−1) in dystrophic Red Latosol. Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents, commercial head mass, diameter and height and peduncle diameter were evaluated. The application of 360 kg ha−1 of K2O resulted in 29.69% more K in cauliflower leaf and 18.94% more commercial head mass compared to the non-application of K. The application of 4000 kg ha−1 of gypsum resulted in reductions of leaf S and Mn and increase in leaf Cu. Based on the results observed, 4000 kg ha−1 of gypsum and 360 kg ha−1 K2O could be required for high cauliflower production.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa particularmente a exortação apostólica pós-sinodal Amoris Laetitia, situando-a na mesma linha que outros textos promulgados pelo Papa Francisco, que priorizam a caridade em relação à verdade. Tal preferência aproxima o magistério deste pontificado da tradição filosófica e teológica chamada Escola Franciscana, especialmente na pessoa de João Duns Scotus, considerado um pensador à altura de Tomás de Aquino. O pensamento escotista, devido às suas importantes diferenças, representa uma alternativa em relação ao tomista. Em Amoris Laetitia, o Papa Francisco apresenta continuidade doutrinal com o magistério papal anterior, mas inova ao ressaltar mais o amor conjugal do que os aspectos canônicos do sacramento do matrimônio, o que abre espaço para novas práticas de pastoral familiar.

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the post-synodal apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia, in the same line with other texts promulgated by Pope Francis, that prioritize charity over truth. Such a preference brings this papal magisterium closer to the philosophical and theological tradition called the Franciscan School, especially represented by John Duns Scotus, a thinker considered on par with Thomas Aquinas. Due to its particularities, Scotistic thought represents an alternative to the Thomistic one. In Amoris Laetitia, Pope Francis demonstrates doctrinal continuity with the previous magisterium, although it somewhat innovates by focusing more on conjugal love than on the canonical aspects of the sacrament of matrimony, thus making room for new practices of the family apostolate.

RESUMO Este texto se debruça sobre testemunhos de graças de devotos de frei Fabiano de Cristo (1676-1747) e de frei Rogério Neuhaus (1859-1934), a fim de discutir as noções de carisma e agência. O material analisado consiste em cartas escritas pelos devotos e encontradas em suas biografias e em arquivos franciscanos. A reflexão sobre o carisma se mostrou um bom meio de pôr em tela as discussões sobre divíduo, indivíduo e agência. Na esteira da agenda de pesquisa da antropologia dos últimos anos, que objetiva ir além de certa “razão sociológica”, este texto afirma que, para compreender as relações entre frades e seus devotos, parece prejudicial ter que escolher entre carisma de função ou individual. Nessas cartas, a agência não pode ser somente encontrada nem no indivíduo, nem na instituição e sim diluída em toda a malha que reúne divindades, humanos e outras coisas. Além disso, o artigo argumenta que os testemunhos de graça evocam uma noção de divíduo.

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the grace testimonies of devotees of friar Fabiano de Cristo (1676-1747) and friar Rogério Neuhaus (1859- 1934), in order to discussing the notions of charism and agency. The analyzed material consists in votary’ letters that can be found at biographies and Franciscan archives office. The reflection about charism allowed discuss anthropological notions like dividual, individual and agency. Following the anthropological research agenda, that aims to go bellowed of the sociologic reason, this text affirms that choice between charism of function and individual charism is not a good way to understanding the relations between friars and votary. In the votary’ letters, the agency cannot be found nether just in the individual, nor just in the institution. The agency is diluted in the meshwork that joins divinity, human and others things. Besides that, the paper evokes a notion of dividual.

Frente à pandemia da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19), o manejo do paciente com fator de risco e/ou doença cardiovascular é desafiador nos dias de hoje. As complicações cardiovasculares evidenciadas nos pacientes com COVID-19 resultam de vários mecanismos, que vão desde lesão direta pelo vírus até complicações secundárias à resposta inflamatória e trombótica desencadeada pela infecção. O cuidado adequado do paciente com COVID-19 exige atenção ao sistema cardiovascular em busca de melhores desfechos.

In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes.

Resumo Frente à pandemia da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19), o manejo do paciente com fator de risco e/ou doença cardiovascular é desafiador nos dias de hoje. As complicações cardiovasculares evidenciadas nos pacientes com COVID-19 resultam de vários mecanismos, que vão desde lesão direta pelo vírus até complicações secundárias à resposta inflamatória e trombótica desencadeada pela infecção. O cuidado adequado do paciente com COVID-19 exige atenção ao sistema cardiovascular em busca de melhores desfechos.

Abstract In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes.

RESUMO Com a escassez da disponibilidade de água doce e o aumento da demanda de água no mundo e no Brasil, uma das alternativas são os sistemas de dessalinização de água, que removem os sais das águas salobra ou salgada. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de um sistema piloto de dessalinização de água salobra a qual foi obtida a partir da mistura de águas do mar e de rio até atingir concentração de sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT) de 1.500 mg.L-1. O sistema piloto de dessalinização, com capacidade de 1,0 m3.h-1, é composto de ultrafiltração (UF) e abrandamento como pré-tratamento à osmose reversa (OR). Foram realizadas análises de qualidade da água na entrada e saída das unidades de tratamento relativas a SDT, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, pH, cor aparente, alcalinidade, dureza total, cálcio, magnésio, cloreto, sulfato e temperatura. Foram avaliadas a pressão osmótica, o fluxo de filtração e a taxa de recuperação de água no sistema de OR. Com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a eficiência de remoção de SDT e condutividade foi de 99%. A UF foi eficiente na remoção de turbidez, enquanto a OR apresentou maiores eficiências de remoção de sais. O sistema piloto de tratamento foi capaz de remover todos os parâmetros estudados. A taxa de recuperação na OR foi de 74,64%.

ABSTRACT Considering the shortage of fresh water availability and an increased demand for water in the world, including Brazil, one of the alternatives for water supply are water desalination systems, which remove salts from brackish or seawater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pilot water desalination system treating brackish water which was obtained mixing fresh water and seawater up to reach 1,500 mg L-1 of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration. The pilot desalination plant with production capacity of 1.0 m3 h-1 is composed of ultrafiltration (UF) and softener working as a pre-treatment to reverse osmosis (RO). Experiments were performed to analyze some water quality parameters as TDS, electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, apparent color, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates, and temperature. Osmotic pressure, filtration flow and water recovery rate were also measured for the RO. Analyzing the result obtained, it can be concluded that the efficiency of TDS removal and conductivity were 99%. UF was efficient in removing turbidity, whereas RO reached higher salt removal efficiencies. The pilot plant system could remove all water quality parameters studied. Recovery rate in RO was 74.64%.

Resumo: Este trabalho traça uma trajetória do Convento do Espírito Santo, de Santo Amaro (SC), destacando as imbricações entre espaço público e religião. Esse convento foi marcado por frei Hugolino (1926-2011), um franciscano que lá praticava curas. Depois de sua morte, o chamado Conventinho foi locado pela prefeitura a fim de preservar a “memória” da cidade e desenvolver “turismo religioso”. Essa circulação entre secular e religioso se expressa nos objetos do museu lá mantido. As peças, expostas como patrimônio histórico, são objetos de devoção de visitantes e funcionários do prédio. Essas práticas devocionais não apenas refletem a posição privilegiada do catolicismo no espaço público, onde pode emergir como “arte”, “história” ou “cultura”, mas mostram os vazamentos das práticas católicas, marcadas por atravessamentos.

Abstract: This article addresses the social biography of Espírito Santo’s Convent, in Santo Amaro (SC), Brazil, in order to highlight the imbrications between public space and religion. This convent was the place where lived Friar Hugolino (1926-2011), a Franciscan who promoted healing activities there. After his death, the so-called Conventinho was rented by the municipality in order to preserve the “memory of the city” and to promote “religious tourism”. This circulation between the secular and the religious is expressed in the objects displayed in the museum installed there. Some pieces, exposed as historical patrimony, became objects of devotion by visitors and employees of the building. These devotional practices reflect the privileged position of Catholicism in the public space, where they can emerge as “art”, “history” or “culture”, but they also give place to (not only) Catholic practices.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to report the use of the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap for the treatment of the sternal wound dehiscence. Methods: A retrospective study including patients who underwent unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap was performed for the treatment of sternotomy dehiscence due to coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, congenital heart disease correction and mediastinitis, between 1997 and 2016. Data from the epidemiological profile of patients, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and mortality rate were obtained. Results: During this period, 11 patients had their dehiscence of sternotomy treated by unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap. The patients had a mean age of 54.7 years, the mean hospital stay after flap reconstruction was 17.9 days (from 7 to 52 days). In two patients, it was necessary to harvest a flap from the rectus abdominis fascia, in association with the pectoralis major muscle flap, to facilitate the closure of the distal wound. In the postoperative period, seroma discharge from the surgical wound was observed in six patients, five reported intense pain (temporary), three had partial cutaneous dehiscence, and two presented granuloma of the incision. Conclusion: The complex wound from sternotomy dehiscences presents itself as a challenge to surgical teams. Treatment should include debridement of necrotic tissue and preferably coverage with well-vascularized tissue. We propose that the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap is an interesting and low morbidity option for the reconstruction of sternal wound dehiscences, with proper sternum stability and satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Este trabalho investiga a ação dos não humanos nas práticas de cura do padre Eustáquio (1890-1943). Milhares de pessoas buscavam a bênção do sacerdote, sua água benta e o bentinho que distribuía. A análise das biografias de Eustáquio e da farta documentação que os livros reproduzem, especialmente recortes de jornais e testemunhos de cura, permite pelo menos duas reflexões. A primeira diz respeito à persistente narrativa da romanização. As práticas de cura de Eustáquio parecem salientar que a vinda de sacerdotes estrangeiros na virada do século XIX ao século XX não necessariamente produziu uma crise do catolicismo popular, mas promoveu circulações de sensibilidades acerca do mundo. Isso remete à segunda reflexão, que se refere aos materiais em fluxo. Os materiais agenciados pelo padre em suas práticas de curas não são somente objetos com agência. São antes reuniões de divindades, da personalidade do sacerdote, enfim, de todo um mundo em fluxo.

The action of non-humans in Father Eustáquio's practices of healing are analyzed on this study. Eustáquio (1890-1943) was a Dutch priest who was known by his miracles which were performed in Poá (SP). Thousands of people have looked for the priest's bless, his blessed water and his "bentinho". The reflection was based on an analysis of Eustáquio's biographies and documents which are reproduced by the books, especially press clipping from newspapers and testimonials about healing. This analysis suggests at least two notes. On the one hand, Eustáquio's practices seemed to indicate that the priest's arrival from abroad (which happened in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century) did not necessarily cause a crisis on popular Catholicism. On the other hand, the non-humans in which Eustáquio's practices of healing acted were not only objects with agency. This nonhumans were things that met deities, the priest's personality and others flows of materials.